Cultural Consonance in Food Consumption and Nutrient Intake in Southern Brazil.

Culture influences food consumption and nutrient intake. In this paper we present a new approach in research, examining how knowledge and understanding of food is encoded in cultural models. The degree to which individuals match these shared models in their own consumption patterns is then measured, using the concept of cultural consonance. In research conducted in urban Brazil, the configuration of cultural models of food, and the association of cultural consonance in food with nutrient intake, are moderated by socioeconomic status. The theory and method employed here offers a new approach to the study of culture, food, and nutrient intake.

Statins Prescriptions and Lipid Levels in a Tertiary Public Hospital. / Perfil de Prescrição de Estatinas e de Níveis Lipêmicos em Ambulatórios de Hospital Terciário Público.

BACKGROUND: The development of a new class of medications that are highly capable of reducing LDL-cholesterol renewed the interest in the characterization of familial hypercholesterolemia patients. Nevertheless, little is known about the lipid profile of patients in tertiary healthcare centers in Brazil in order to better estimate the real occurrence of familial hypercholesterolemia, with initial suspect of LDL-cholesterol levels above 190 mg/d/L. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the lipid profile (total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol) in ambulatory patients from a general tertiary public hospital. METHODS: Retrospective study comparing prescriptions of statins and lipid profile results. The significance level was established in 5%. RESULTS: In one year, 9,594 individuals received statin prescriptions, of whom 51.5% were females and the mean age was 63.7±12.9 years-old (18 to 100 years-old). Thirty-two medical specialties prescribed statins. Cardiology was responsible for 43% of the total. Nearly 15% of those patients with a prescription did not have a recent total cholesterol result and 1,746 (18%) did not have a recent LDL-cholesterol measurement. The occurrence of the latter between 130 and 190 mg/dL was present in 1,643 (17.1%) individuals, and 228 (2.4%) patients had an LDL-cholesterol ≥190mg/dL among those using statins at distinct doses. Only two statins were used: simvastatin and atorvastatin. The first was prescribed in 77.6% of the prescriptions. CONCLUSION: In this cross-sectional cohort at a tertiary general hospital, statins have been widely prescribed but with little success in achieving recognized levels of control. There is probably a significant number of FH individuals in this cohort that need to be properly diagnosed in order to receive adequate treatment due to its prognostic implications.

FUNDAMENTO: O surgimento de nova classe de medicamentos com elevada capacidade de reduzir o LDL-colesterol (LDL-c) renovou o interesse na caracterização da hipercolesterolemia familiar (HF). Pouco se conhece do perfil lipídico de pacientes em atendimento terciário em nosso meio para caracterizar a real ocorrência de HF, que começa a ser suspeitada com níveis de LDL-c acima de 190mg/dL. OBJETIVOS: O estudo avaliou o perfil lipídico (colesterol total [CT] e LDL-c) de pacientes de hospital público terciário. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de avaliação de prescrições de estatinas e resultados dos lipídios. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 5%. RESULTADOS: Em 1 ano, 9.594 indivíduos receberam prescrição ambulatorial de estatinas, 51,5% do gênero feminino, idade média de 63,7±12,9 anos (18 a 100 anos). Trinta e duas especialidades prescreveram estatinas, sendo a cardiologia responsável por 43%. Cerca de 15% das prescrições não tinham dosagem recente de CT, e 1.746 (18,0%) não apresentavam resultado recente de LDL-c. A ocorrência de LDL-c > 130mg/dL e < 190mg/dL ocorreu em 1.643 (17,1%) casos, e 228 (2,4%) apresentaram LDL-c ≥ 190mg/dL dentre os que utilizavam estatinas nas diversas doses. Apenas duas estatinas foram utilizadas: sinvastatina e atorvastatina, e a primeira foi prescrita em 77,6% das receitas. CONCLUSÃO: Nesta coorte transversal de hospital terciário, foi possível verificar que a prescrição de estatinas é disseminada, mas que a obtenção de metas adequadas de CT e LDL-c não é atingida em grande percentual, e que há, possivelmente, significativo contingente de portadores de HF que necessitariam ser investigados por suas implicações prognósticas.

Perfil de Prescrição de Estatinas e de Níveis Lipêmicos em Ambulatórios de Hospital Terciário Público / Statins Prescriptions and Lipid Levels in a Tertiary Public Hospital

Resumo Fundamento: O surgimento de nova classe de medicamentos com elevada capacidade de reduzir o LDL-colesterol (LDL-c) renovou o interesse na caracterização da hipercolesterolemia familiar (HF). Pouco se conhece do perfil lipídico de pacientes em atendimento terciário em nosso meio para caracterizar a real ocorrência de HF, que começa a ser suspeitada com níveis de LDL-c acima de 190mg/dL. Objetivos: O estudo avaliou o perfil lipídico (colesterol total [CT] e LDL-c) de pacientes de hospital público terciário. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de avaliação de prescrições de estatinas e resultados dos lipídios. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 5%. Resultados: Em 1 ano, 9.594 indivíduos receberam prescrição ambulatorial de estatinas, 51,5% do gênero feminino, idade média de 63,7±12,9 anos (18 a 100 anos). Trinta e duas especialidades prescreveram estatinas, sendo a cardiologia responsável por 43%. Cerca de 15% das prescrições não tinham dosagem recente de CT, e 1.746 (18,0%) não apresentavam resultado recente de LDL-c. A ocorrência de LDL-c > 130mg/dL e < 190mg/dL ocorreu em 1.643 (17,1%) casos, e 228 (2,4%) apresentaram LDL-c ≥ 190mg/dL dentre os que utilizavam estatinas nas diversas doses. Apenas duas estatinas foram utilizadas: sinvastatina e atorvastatina, e a primeira foi prescrita em 77,6% das receitas. Conclusão: Nesta coorte transversal de hospital terciário, foi possível verificar que a prescrição de estatinas é disseminada, mas que a obtenção de metas adequadas de CT e LDL-c não é atingida em grande percentual, e que há, possivelmente, significativo contingente de portadores de HF que necessitariam ser investigados por suas implicações prognósticas.

Abstract Background: The development of a new class of medications that are highly capable of reducing LDL-cholesterol renewed the interest in the characterization of familial hypercholesterolemia patients. Nevertheless, little is known about the lipid profile of patients in tertiary healthcare centers in Brazil in order to better estimate the real occurrence of familial hypercholesterolemia, with initial suspect of LDL-cholesterol levels above 190 mg/d/L. Objectives: This study evaluated the lipid profile (total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol) in ambulatory patients from a general tertiary public hospital. Methods: Retrospective study comparing prescriptions of statins and lipid profile results. The significance level was established in 5%. Results: In one year, 9,594 individuals received statin prescriptions, of whom 51.5% were females and the mean age was 63.7±12.9 years-old (18 to 100 years-old). Thirty-two medical specialties prescribed statins. Cardiology was responsible for 43% of the total. Nearly 15% of those patients with a prescription did not have a recent total cholesterol result and 1,746 (18%) did not have a recent LDL-cholesterol measurement. The occurrence of the latter between 130 and 190 mg/dL was present in 1,643 (17.1%) individuals, and 228 (2.4%) patients had an LDL-cholesterol ≥190mg/dL among those using statins at distinct doses. Only two statins were used: simvastatin and atorvastatin. The first was prescribed in 77.6% of the prescriptions. Conclusion: In this cross-sectional cohort at a tertiary general hospital, statins have been widely prescribed but with little success in achieving recognized levels of control. There is probably a significant number of FH individuals in this cohort that need to be properly diagnosed in order to receive adequate treatment due to its prognostic implications.

Significados atribuídos ao alimento por pacientes com Anorexia Nervosa e por mulheres jovens eutróficas / Meanings assigned to food by patients with Anorexia Nervosa and by normal weight young women

Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar os significados atribuídos ao alimento por pacientes com Anorexia Nervosa (AN) e por jovens eutróficas sem sintomas de Transtornos Alimentares. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, comparativo e transversal. Foram entrevistadas 12 mulheres distribuídas em dois grupos focais: um composto por seis participantes com diagnóstico de AN, que frequentavam um serviço especializado (grupo de pacientes: GP) e outro, de comparação (GC), constituído por seis mulheres, eutróficas e sem sintomas de AN. Os encontros foram audiogravados e transcritos na íntegra. Para a análise de dados utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo temática e o marco teórico-conceitual da antropologia da alimentação, focalizando os significados do alimento e o valor simbólico das práticas alimentares. Verificou-se, em ambos os grupos, que os alimentos despertam uma gama de sentimentos paradoxais, variando desde prazer à repulsa, repúdio, nojo, culpa e medo. No GP, os significados são norteados pela importância capital atribuída ao conteúdo calórico em vez do valor nutricional dos alimentos. Para compreensão das práticas alimentares na anorexia, os profissionais devem estar atentos às determinações culturais, sociais e políticas que atravessam esse fenômeno, evitando a individualização do problema.(AU)

This study aimed to identify the meanings assigned to food by patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and by normal weight young women without symptoms of Eating Disorders. A qualitative, comparative and cross-sectional study was carried out. Twelve women were interviewed, divided into two focus groups: one composed of six participants diagnosed with AN attending a specialized service (patients group: PG), and the other group (comparison group: CG) was composed of six normal weight women without symptoms of AN. The meetings were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. For data analysis, the thematic content analysis technique and the theoretical-conceptual framework of food anthropology were used, focusing on the meanings of food and the symbolic value of eating practices. It was found, in both groups, that food arouses a range of paradoxical feelings, ranging from pleasure to rejection, repudiation, disgust, guilt and fear. In the PG, the meanings are guided by the capital importance the participants assigned to the food caloric content, rather than nutritional value. Health professionals need to be sensitive to the verbal manifestations of AN patients in order to help them with the delicate balance between survival and denial of life. To understand eating practices in anorexia, professionals must be aware of the cultural, social and political determinations that go through this phenomenon, avoiding the individualization of the problem.(AU)

The interaction of cultural consonance and a polymorphism in the 2A serotonin receptor in relation to depression in Brazil: failure to replicate previous findings.

OBJECTIVES: To replicate a previously identified gene-environment interaction between a genetic polymorphism in the serotonin 2A receptor and cultural consonance in family life in relation to depressive symptoms (Dressler et al., 2009). METHODS: A sample of 402 individuals in a sample drawn from four different economic strata in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil was interviewed and genotyped. RESULTS: Cultural consonance in family life has an inverse association with depressive symptoms (beta = -0.439, P < 0.001) and with high depressive symptoms (OR = 2.36, P < 0.001), but the interaction with genotype was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The previously identified gene-environment interaction was not replicated. Limitations of the study are discussed. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:936-940, 2016. © 2016Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

UCP1 -3826 A>G polymorphism affects weight, fat mass, and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in grade III obese patients.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether or not the UCP1 -3826 A>G polymorphism is associated with obesity and related metabolic disorders in grade III obese patients. METHODS: 150 obese patients (body mass index ≥35 kg/m(2)) who were candidates for bariatric surgery were studied. Weight (kg), body mass index (kg/m(2)); fat free mass (kg), fat mass (kg), energy intake (kcal), level of physical activity, plasma levels of glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triacylglycerols, and the prevalence of comorbidities associated with obesity were collected from medical records. Polymorphism rs1800592 genotyping was performed through allelic discrimination method in real time polymerase chain reaction using the TaqMan predesigned SNP Genotyping Assays kits. The t test was done to determine if genotypes of each polymorphism are associated with anthropometric and body composition variables. Linear regression models were used for age, sex, height, physical activity, and energy intake in weight and body composition variations (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Among these 150 individuals (47.2 ± 10.5 y, 80% women) the distribution of AA, AG, and GG was 41.3%, 45.3%, and 13.4%, respectively. Weight and body fat were lower in individuals who were carriers of a mutated allele G. It was observed that mutated homozygotes (GG) had a lower frequency of type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with those of wild allele (AA+AG). CONCLUSIONS: UCP1 -3826 A>G polymorphism is associated with weight, body fat mass, and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese individuals candidates for bariatric surgery.

Culture and the Immune System: Cultural Consonance in Social Support and C-reactive Protein in Urban Brazil.

In this article, we examine the distribution of a marker of immune system stimulation-C-reactive protein-in urban Brazil. Social relationships are associated with immunostimulation, and we argue that cultural dimensions of social support, assessed by cultural consonance, are important in this process. Cultural consonance is the degree to which individuals, in their own beliefs and behaviors, approximate shared cultural models. A measure of cultural consonance in social support, based on a cultural consensus analysis regarding sources and patterns of social support in Brazil, was developed. In a survey of 258 persons, the association of cultural consonance in social support and C-reactive protein was examined, controlling for age, sex, body mass index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, depressive symptoms, and a social network index. Lower cultural consonance in social support was associated with higher C-reactive protein. Implications of these results for future research are discussed.

Eating Disorders: Cultural Model and Consensus Regarding Food.

The cultural model of food was applied to 112 adult patients with eating disorders (PG) and 36 healthy adult women (CG) of similar age. The Free List and Ranking of Foods was used to group foods and verify consensus and cultural aspects. Calories, health, and taste were the dimensions used by the participants to group the foods, and strong consensus was achieved in regard to calories and health. There were, however, inter- and intra-group divergences in regard to these ideas, especially in the PG. The CG used distinct criteria, showing a more complex model.

Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in obese women before and after bariatric surgery: changes in body composition.

OBJECTIVE: Because of the inefficacy of standard methods for the evaluation of body composition of grade III obese individuals, it is difficult to analyze the quality of weight loss after bariatric surgery in these patients. Electrical bioimpedance vector analysis and the RXc graph uses crude resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) values, like components of the Z vector, to monitor variations in body fluid and the nutritional status of obese individuals. Using bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) and the RXc graph, the objective of the present study was to evaluate long-term changes in weight and body composition of obese women after Roux-en-Y bariatric surgery. METHODS: A study was conducted on 43 grade III obese women submitted to bariatric surgery. Anthropometric and bioimpedance (800 mA-50 kHz) data were obtained during the preoperative period and 1, 2, 3, and 4 y after surgery. BIVA was performed by plotting resistance and reactance values corrected for body height (R/H and Xc/H, Ohm/m) as bivariates on the RXc graph. BIVA software was used to plot the vectors of the RXc plane. RESULTS: Surgery promoted changes in body composition, with a reduction of fat mass and of fat-free mass. During the postoperative period, the vectors demonstrated migration to the right lower quadrant of the graph, corresponding to the classification of cachexia and water retention. CONCLUSION: Weight loss due to surgery results in an important reduction of fat-free mass characterized by the position of most individuals in the cachexia quadrant throughout the postoperative period.

Protein and amino acid status before and after bariatric surgery: a 12-month follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: Patients with obesity submitted to bariatric surgery present altered ingestion of macronutrient and micronutrient levels and nutrients deficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protein and amino acid nutritional status of obese adults before and after bariatric surgery, with emphasis on plasma free amino acids. METHODS: Thirty obese women were submitted to Roux-en-Y gastric shunt (bariatric surgery). Food and protein intake, anthropometric and bioimpedance data (body composition analysis), and serum total protein, albumin, and plasma amino acids levels were collected before the surgery (preoperative) and 3, 6, and 12 months after the surgical procedure. RESULTS: The mean protein intake was 47±2 g/day. The total weight loss during the study period was 39±8 kg; the fat-free mass decreased 7±5 kg. The amino acid profile showed increased concentrations of most amino acids 3 months after surgery; at 6 months, glutamic acid, serine, arginine, alanine, methionine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, and tyrosine concentrations decreased. The total protein and albumin concentrations dropped along the 12-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: The amino acid profile changes after RYGB are evidence that total protein and albumin levels may not be good indicators of protein profile after the surgery.

Evolução nutricional de pacientes com transtornos alimentares: experiência de 30 anos de um Hospital Universitário / Nutritional status changes in eating disorder patients: 30 years' experience in a University Hospital

OBJETIVO: Descrever a evolução do estado nutricional e dos parâmetros bioquímicos de pacientes com anorexia nervosa e bulimia nervosa internados para tratamento durante seguimento em serviço especializado. MÉTODOS: Foram revisados todos os prontuários dos pacientes em seguimento pelo serviço de 1982 a 2011, que foram internados para tratamento. Dados sociodemográficos, peso, altura e exames bioquímicos foram coletados no início e final da internação. RESULTADOS: No período referido, 83 pacientes com diagnóstico de anorexia ou bulimia nervosa foram internados para tratamento. A maioria era do sexo feminino (95,2%) raça branca (94,0%), solteira (76,0%) e sem filhos (78,3%). O diagnóstico predominante foi de anorexia nervosa (85,5%), sobretudo em seu tipo restritivo (54,2%). O índice de massa corporal médio dos pacientes adultos (n=41) evoluiu de 16,53±4,9 para 17,47±4,3kg/m² (p<0,05). Para as crianças e adolescentes (n=38), passou de 13,78±2,57 para 15,11±2,99kg/m² (p<0,05). Os valores médios da maioria dos parâmetros bioquímicos estavam dentro do limite da normalidade e, apenas o betacaroteno, manteve-se em níveis médios acima da normalidade no início e final da internação. Os valores de albumina, hematócrito, lipoproteína de alta densidade e potássio melhoraram ao final da internação (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: A hospitalização integral, apesar das dificuldades e da complexidade inerentes ao tratamento dos transtornos alimentares, considerando-se principalmente a resistência frente à recuperação do peso, pode proporcionar melhoria no estado nutricional e normalização de diversos parâmetros bioquímicos...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the changes in the nutritional status and biochemical parameters of patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa during inpatient treatment at a specialized service. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of all patients followed by the service from 1982 to 2011 who had been hospitalized for treatment. Sociodemographic data, weight, height, and biochemical tests were collected at hospital admission and discharge. RESULTS: During the period, 83 patients diagnosed with anorexia or bulimia nervosa had been hospitalized for treatment. Most were female (95.2%), white (94.0%), single (76.0%), and childless (78.3%). The predominant diagnosis was anorexia nervosa (85.5%), especially the restrictive type (54.2%). The body mass index of adult patients (n=41) increased from 16.53±4.9 to 17.47±4.3kg/m² (p<0.05), and of children and adolescents (n=38), from 13.78±2.57 to 15.11±2.99kg/m² (p<0.05). The mean values of most biochemical parameters were within the normal limits, and only the mean beta-carotene levels were elevated at admission and discharge. Albumin, hematocrit, high-density lipoprotein, and potassium levels were higher at discharge (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Despite the difficulties and complexities inherent to the treatment of eating disorders, especially patients' resistance to weight recovery, inpatient treatment can improve nutritional status and normalize several biochemical parameters...

Bioavailability of iron measurement in two nutrients multiple solutions by in vitro and in vivo;a comparative methodology between methods.

OBJECTIVES: The bioavailability of dietary iron present in a nutritional formulation may be evaluated by in vitro and in vivo methods since they provide for a cohesive line study and provided in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioavailability of iron targeting a comparative analysis of two nutritional supplement formulations (A and B). METHODS: For this study were using in vitro and in vivo methods, both described in the literature for availability of iron in an enteral feeding after ingestion supplement nutrition with much nutrients. RESULTS: The results obtained by in vitro simulation of the human gastrointestinal tract were 0.70 ± 0.02 and 0.80 ± 0.01 % iron availability by formulations A and B. In vivo studies, as measured by the curves of serum iron in humans after ingestion of formulations allowed the calculation of coefficient of variation Δ < 0, indicating that there was a low absorption of iron. The bioavailability of iron as two multi-nutrients solutions obtained by in vitro and in vivo showed that there were comparisons of those methodologies used in this study.

Objetivos: La biodisponibilidad de hierro presente en una formulación nutricional puede ser evaluada por in vitro y in vivo, ya que proporcionan para un estudio de línea cohesiva y proporcionado en la literatura. El objetivo de estudio fue evaluar la biodisponibilidad de hierro con in vitro y in vivo, dirigida a un análisis comparativo de dos formulaciones de suplementos nutricionales (A y B). Métodos: Fueron utilizados dos métodos descritos en la literatura que para evaluar la biodiponibilidad de hierro. Uno que es la simulación de digestión humana y otro por los niveles de hierro sérico después de la ingestión de la formulación en los seres humanos. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos por la simulación in vitro de la digestión del tracto gastrointestinal humano fueron 0,70 ± 0,02 y 0,80 dialisibilidad 0,01% de hierro, respectivamente, para las formulaciones A y B. Los estudios in vivo, segú n se mide por las curvas de hierro en suero en seres humanos después de la ingestión de las formulaciones mostró coeficiente de variación Δ < 0, lo que indica que había una baja absorción de hierro. La biodisponibilidad de hierro a los dos multi-nutrientes soluciones fueron obtenidos por in vitro y in vivo mostraron que había una comparación de las metodologías utilizadas en soluciones acuosas de muchos nutrientes.

Iron (FeSo4) bioavailability in obese subjects submitted to bariatric surgery.

BACKGROUND: Iron bioavailability in obese subjects after the ingestion of a nutritional supplement was the aim of this work. METHODS: Fourteen persons were studied before and after bariatric surgery after the ingestion of a nutritional formulation containing 25 mg iron, 25 g fiber and 800 mg calcium. RESULTS: The following ferremia values (median and minimum--maximum) were obtained before and after bariatric surgery, respectively: Fasting, 105 (70 - 364) µg/dL and 198 (38 - 617) µg/dL; 1 hour, 103 (63 - 305) µg/dL and 160 (11 - 207) µg/dL; 2 hours, 103 (62 - 150) µg/dL and 141 (10 - 412) µg/dL; 3 hours. 97 (63 - 190) µg/dL and 153 (6 - 270) µg/dL; 4 hours, 91 (58 - 163) µg/dL and 156 (40 - 251) µg/dL (p>0.05), with no association of serum iron levels with time. There was a difference in total triglycerides (95 ± 29 mg/dL and 60 ± 10 mg/dL) which were correlated with a decrease in serum ferritin levels (r = 0,926, p = 0.008), UIBC (r = 0.910, p = 0.01), total cholesterol (r = 0,918, p = 0.01) and LDL-c fraction (r = 0.830, p = 0.04), with an increase in HDL-c fraction (r = 0,807, p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: Iron bioavailability in obese subjects was affected by the ingestion of the nutritional formulation containing calcium and fiber, a fact that may cause these patients to develop iron deficiency.

Objetivo: Obesos sometidos a cirugía bariátrica muestran la utilización de deterioro de hierro. Evaluar la biodisponibilidad del hierro en los obesos por el consumo de suplemento nutricional que contiene múltiples nutrientes antes y después de seis meses de la cirugía bariátrica. Material y Métodos: El estudio incluyó a 14 voluntarios antes y después de la cirugía bariátrica que recibieron formulaciones que contienen múltiples nutrientes y medir las concentraciones séricas de hierro en ayunas y cada 1 hora después de la ingestión de formulaciones, con un total de cuatro horas. Resultados: Ferremia por el consumo de entre dos formulaciones de pre-y post-operatorios fueron: El ayuno 104.50 (70,00-363,00) mg / dl y 198.00 (38.00 a 617.00) mg / dl, 103.00 horas (63,00 a 305,00) mg / dl y 160.00 (11,00- 206,90) mg / dL, 2 horas 102.50 (62.00 a 150.00) mg / dL y 141.30 (10.00 a 412.20) mg / dl, 3 horas 97.00 (63.00 a 190.00) mg mg / dl y 153,00 (6,00 hasta 269,60) / dl , 4 horas 91,00 (58,00 a 163,00) mg / dl y 156.10 (40.00 a 250.50) mg / dl y no hubo asociación estadísticamente significativa entre los dos períodos para los niveles de hierro suero. Los valores de la zona de las curvas en el suero fueron 453,50 ± 202,80 mg / dl / hora, p = 0,000 y 579,00 ± 380,30 mg / dl / hora, p = 0,007 y fue estadísticamente diferente entre los dos períodos. La biodisponibilidad del hierro en soluciones que contienen múltiples nutrientes se vio afectada antes y después de seis meses de la cirugía bariátrica. Conclusión: Se encontró que los niveles se redujeron ferremia con la cirugía, que puede poner en peligro estos pacientes presentaron deficiencia de hierro.

Cultural Consonance, Religion and Psychological Distress in an Urban Community / Consonância Cultural, Religião e Sofrimento Psicológico em uma Comunidade Urbana / La Consonancia Cultural, la Religion, y los Trastornos Psicologicos en una Comunidad Urbana

Cultural consonance is the degree to which individuals approximate prototypes encoded in cultural models. Low cultural consonance is associated with higher psychological distress. Religion may moderate the association between cultural consonance and psychological distress. Brazil, with substantial variation in religion, is an important society for the examination of this hypothesis. Research was conducted in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, using a mixed-methods design. Measures of cultural consonance were derived using ethnographic methods and then applied in a survey of 271 individuals drawn from four distinct social strata. Low cultural consonance was associated with higher psychological distress in multiple regression analysis ( B = -.430, p < .001). Members of Pentecostal Protestant churches reported lower psychological distress independently of the effect of cultural consonance ( B = -.409, p < .05). There was no buffering effect of religion. Implications of these results for the study of religion and health are discussed.

Consonância cultural é o grau em que os indivíduos se aproximam dos protótipos codificados nos modelos culturais. Consonância cultural baixa é associada a sofrimento psicológico. A religião pode moderar a associação entre consonância cultural e sofrimento psicológico. O Brasil apresenta uma diversidade religiosa, sendo, portanto, uma sociedade importante para examinar esta hipótese. Este estudo, realizado em Ribeirão Preto, Brasil, utilizou delineamento de métodos mistos. As medidas de consonância cultural foram derivadas de métodos etnográficos e aplicadas em um estudo de levantamento realizado com 271 participantes, selecionados de quatro estratos socias. Consonância cultural baixa mostrou-se associada a sofrimento psicológico alto em análise de regressão múltipla ( B = - 0,430, p < 0,001). Membros de igrejas protestantes pentecostais relataram menor sofrimento psicológico independente dos efeitos da consonância cultural ( B = - 0,409, p < 0,05). A religião não moderou o efeito da consonância. São discutidas as implicações desses resultados para o estudo da relação entre religião e saúde.

Consonancia cultural es el grado en que individuos se acercan a prototipos codificados en modelos culturales. Consonancia cultural baja está asociada con alto nivel de trastornos psicológicos. La religión puede moderar la relación entre consonancia cultural y trastornos psicológicos. Brasil, con variación religiosa considerable, es una sociedad importante para examinar esta hipótesis. La investigación fue realizada en Ribeirão Preto, Brasil, utilizando un diseño de métodos mixtos. Medidas de consonancia cultural se obtuvieron utilizando métodos etnográficos y luego se aplican en una encuesta de 271 personas procedentes de cuatro estratos sociales. Consonancia cultural baja se asoció con una mayor angustia psicológica en el análisis de regresión múltiple ( B = -.430, p < .001). Los miembros de las iglesias protestantes pentecostales manifiestan una menor angustia psicológica independientemente del efecto de la consonancia cultural ( B = -.409, p < .05). La religión no moderó el efecto de la consonancia. Las implicaciones de estos resultados para el estudio de la relación entre religión y salud se discuten.

Bioavailability of iron measurement in two nutrients multiple solutions by in vitro and in vivo: a comparative methodology between methods / Biodisponibilidad de hierro en dos soluciones nutritivas estudiadas por in vitro y in vivo; una comparación entre dos métodos

Objectives: The bioavailability of dietary iron present in a nutritional formulation may be evaluated by in vitro and in vivo methods since they provide for a cohesive line study and provided in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioavailability of iron targeting a comparative analysis of two nutritional supplement formulations (A and B). Methods: For this study were using in vitro and in vivo methods, both described in the literature for availability of iron in an enteral feeding after ingestion supplement nutrition with much nutrients. Results: The results obtained by in vitro simulation of the human gastrointestinal tract were 0.70 ± 0.02 and 0.80 ± 0.01 % iron availability by formulations A and B. In vivo studies, as measured by the curves of serum iron in humans after ingestion of formulations allowed the calculation of coefficient of variation Δ < 0, indicating that there was a low absorption of iron. The bioavailability of iron as two multinutrients solutions obtained by in vitro and in vivo showed that there were comparisons of those methodologies used in this study (AU)

Objetivos: La biodisponibilidad de hierro presente en una formulación nutricional puede ser evaluada por in vitro y in vivo, ya que proporcionan para un estudio de línea cohesiva y proporcionado en la literatura. El objetivo de estudio fue evaluar la biodisponibilidad de hierro con in vitro y in vivo, dirigida a un análisis comparativo de dos formulaciones de suplementos nutricionales (A y B). Métodos: Fueron utilizados dos métodos descritos en la literatura que para evaluar la biodiponibilidad de hierro. Uno que es la simulación de digestión humana y otro por los niveles de hierro sérico después de la ingestión de la formulación en los seres humanos. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos por la simulación in vitro de la digestión del tracto gastrointestinal humano fueron 0,70 ± 0,02 y 0,80 dialisibilidad 0,01% de hierro, respectivamente, para las formulaciones A y B. Los estudios in vivo, segú n se mide por las curvas de hierro en suero en seres humanos después de la ingestión de las formulaciones mostró coeficiente de variación Δ < 0, lo que indica que había una baja absorción de hierro. La biodisponibilidad de hierro a los dos multinutrientes soluciones fueron obtenidos por in vitro y in vivo mostraron que había una comparación de las metodologías utilizadas en soluciones acuosas de muchos nutrientes (AU)

Iron (FeSo4) bioavailability in obese subjects submitted to bariatric surgery / Biodisponibilidad de hierro (FeSO4) de los sujetos obesos sometidos a cirugía bariátrica

Background: Iron bioavailability in obese subjects after the ingestion of a nutritional supplement was the aim of this work. Methods: Fourteen persons were studied before and after bariatric surgery after the ingestion of a nutritional formulation containing 25 mg iron, 25 g fiber and 800 mg calcium. Results: The following ferremia values (median and minimum - maximum) were obtained before and after bariatric surgery, respectively: Fasting, 105 (70 - 364) μg/dL and 198 (38 - 617) μg/dL; 1 hour, 103 (63 - 305) μg/dL and 160 (11 - 207) μg/dL; 2 hours, 103 (62 - 150) μg/dL and 141 (10 - 412) μg/dL; 3 hours. 97 (63 - 190) μg/dL and 153 (6 - 270) μg/dL; 4 hours, 91 (58 - 163) μg/dL and 156 (40 - 251) μg/dL (p>0.05), with no association of serum iron levels with time. There was a difference in total triglycerides (95 ± 29 mg/dL and 60 ± 10 mg/dL) which were correlated with a decrease in serum ferritin levels (r = 0,926, p = 0.008), UIBC (r = 0.910, p = 0.01), total cholesterol (r = 0,918, p = 0.01) and LDL-c fraction (r = 0.830, p = 0.04), with an increase in HDL-c fraction (r = 0,807, p = 0.05). Conclusion: Iron bioavailability in obese subjects was affected by the ingestion of the nutritional formulation containing calcium and fiber, a fact that may cause these patients to develop iron deficiency (AU)

Objetivo: Obesos sometidos a cirugía bariátrica muestran la utilización de deterioro de hierro. Evaluar la biodisponibilidad del hierro en los obesos por el consumo de suplemento nutricional que contiene múltiples nutrientes antes y después de seis meses de la cirugía bariátrica. Material y Métodos: El estudio incluyó a 14 voluntarios antes y después de la cirugía bariátrica que recibieron formulaciones que contienen múltiples nutrientes y medir las concentraciones séricas de hierro en ayunas y cada 1 hora después de la ingestión de formulaciones, con un total de cuatro horas. Resultados: Ferremia por el consumo de entre dos formulaciones de pre-y post-operatorios fueron: El ayuno 104.50 (70,00-363,00) mg / dl y 198.00 (38.00 a 617.00) mg / dl, 103.00 horas (63,00 a 305,00) mg / dl y 160.00 (11,00-206,90) mg / dL, 2 horas 102.50 (62.00 a 150.00) mg / dL y 141.30 (10.00 a 412.20) mg / dl, 3 horas 97.00 (63.00 a 190.00) mg mg / dl y 153,00 (6,00 hasta 269,60) / dl , 4 horas 91,00 (58,00 a 163,00) mg / dl y 156.10 (40.00 a 250.50) mg / dl y no hubo asociación estadísticamente significativa entre los dos períodos para los niveles de hierro suero. Los valores de la zona de las curvas en el suero fueron 453,50 ± 202,80 mg / dl / hora, p = 0,000 y 579,00 ± 380,30 mg / dl / hora, p = 0,007 y fue estadísticamente diferente entre los dos períodos. La biodisponibilidad del hierro en soluciones que contienen múltiples nutrientes se vio afectada antes y después de seis meses de la cirugía bariátrica. Conclusión: Se encontró que los niveles se redujeron ferremia con la cirugía, que puede poner en peligro estos pacientes presentaron deficiencia de hierro (AU)